When was chiang kai shek born

Chiang Kai-shek to , also known as Generalissimo, was a Chinese political and military leader who served as head of the Republic of China from to When the United States declared war on Japan in , Chiang and China swore their allegiance and assistance to the Allies. In , Communist forces led by Mao Zedong , a. From until his death in , the exiled Chiang continued to lead the KMT government in Taiwan, recognized by the United Nations as the legitimate government of China.

In , at age 19, he began his preparations for a military career at the Paoting Military Academy in North China, later serving in the Japanese army from to , where he adopted the Spartan ideals of the Japanese Samurai warriors.

When the Qing Revolution of broke out, Chiang returned to China where he took part in fighting that succeeded in overthrowing the Manchus in Largely withdrawing from public life from to , he lived in Shanghai where he reportedly belonged to an organized financial crime syndicate known as Qing Bang, or Green Gang. As Soviet military advisers streamed into Canton to teach at Whampoa, Chinese communists were admitted into the KMT for the first time. When Sun Yat-sen died in , Chiang inherited leadership of the KMT and began trying to stem the rapidly growing influence of the Chinese communists within the party without losing the support of the Soviet government and military.

He succeeded until , when in a violent coup, he expelled the communists from the KMT and quashed the Chinese labor unions they had created. Hoping his communist purge would please U. President Calvin Coolidge , Chiang succeeded in establishing closer relations between China and the U. Chiang now continued to reunify China. As supreme commander of the Nationalist revolutionary army, he directed massive attacks against northern tribal warlords in In , his armies occupied the capital in Beijing and established a new Nationalist central government in Nanking headed by Chiang.

Held captive for two weeks, Chiang was released after agreeing to actively prepare his armies for war with Japan and to form an at least temporary alliance with the Chinese communists to help fight the Japanese invaders. With the horrific Japanese Rape of Nanking massacre in , all-out war between the two countries erupted. Chiang and his armies defended China alone until , when the U. Exiled to the province of Taiwan, Chiang, along with his remaining Nationalist forces established a weak dictatorship on the island.

He returned to China in to take part in the uprising that overthrew the Qing Dynasty and established a Chinese republic. In , he led the suppression of the Chinese Communist Party. Chiang oversaw a modest programme of reform in China but the government's resources were focused on fighting internal opponents, including the Communists.

From , Chiang also had to contend with a Japanese invasion in Manchuria, in the north-east of China. In , Japan launched a full-scale invasion of China.

His wife, Soong Mei-ling, travelled with him and became famous in the west as Madame Chiang. In , civil war broke out between the KMT and the Communists. In , the Communists were victorious, establishing the People's Republic of China. In fact, in April , Chiang moved his army into Shanghai and led a gory killing rampage in anger against the Communist Party.

Many influential communist rulers were killed in this great massacre. Not surprisingly, most of his loyal followers were either bankers or businessmen. Such bloody betrayal catalysed the Chinese civil war of Chiang had several programs and reforms that he wished to implement in his country.

However, while on the one hand, Chiang was attempting to reform the country, on the other hand, he was confronted with oppositions from the Communists and threats of war from Japan.

In , Japan invaded China and the war lasted a total of four years. By December, Nanjing had also fallen into the hands of the Japanese, and Chiang was not able to counter-attack. Therefore, the largest slice of the Chinese population, i. Although he had survived a major heart attack and pneumonia a few months before his death, he nonetheless died from renal failure which was caused by his cardiac malfunction New World Encyclopaedia Chiang Kei-Shek had several relationships throughout his life.